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Abstract: Introduction: Education in netiquette (social norms that promote cyber coexistence) has become an alternative proposal for helping prevent online expressions of discrimination and violence. Specifically, empathy and online emotional content are key in antisocial behaviours. Method: Our objective is thus to differentially analyse the relationships between netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy in adolescents according to gender. 774 adolescents (55.4% girls) enrolled in 13 Spanish educational centres participated (M = 13.82 and SD = 1345). Results: Results show that girls achieve higher scores in netiquette, online emotional content, and empathy. E-emotional expression in girls and the facilitating use of e-emotions in boys are exclusionary factors of netiquette; however, the understanding and management of e-emotions for both genders, as well as cognitive empathy in boys, are promoter factors. Conclusions: It would be advisable to educate young people in netiquette, where the moderate use of emotional expression online can be an effective strategy to promote it.
Resumen Introducción: Educar en la netiqueta (normas sociales que promueven la ciberconvivencia) se ha convertido en una propuesta alternativa para ayudar a prevenir las expresiones de discriminación y violencia online. En concreto, la empatía y el contenido emocional online son claves en los comportamientos antisociales. Método: Nuestro objetivo es, por tanto, analizar de forma diferencial las relaciones entre la netiqueta, el contenido emocional online y la empatía en adolescentes según el género. Participaron 774 adolescentes (55,4% chicas) matriculados en 13 centros educativos españoles (M = 13,82 y SD = 1345). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que las chicas alcanzan mayores puntuaciones en netiqueta, contenido emocional online y empatía. Además, la expresión e-emocional en las chicas y la facilitación del uso de las e-emociones en los chicos son factores amortiguadores de la netiqueta; sin embargo, la compresión y regulación de las e-emociones para ambos géneros, así como la empatía cognitiva en los chicos, son factores promotores. Conclusiones: Sería recomendable educar a los jóvenes en la netiqueta donde el uso moderado de la manifestación emocional en la red puede ser una estrategia eficaz para promoverla.
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Nowadays sexual violence among adolescents continues to be detected in schools. In this sense, several studies show the great importance of the interactions of boys and girls with people in their educational environment to configure their emotional and sexual identity, their beliefs about violence, and their relationship with sexual violence, being necessary to identify the actions that prevent sexual violence at schools. In the current article, and according to the literature review, a model based on structural equations is proposed to analyze the influence of students' relationships with one another, with the educational community (at the center, with faculty, staff, other workers), and families' relationships with the center as well as adolescents' own beliefs related to gender violence on being a victim, bystander, or aggressor of behaviors related to sexual violence in a sample of 4,273 Spanish students in secondary education. This model is replicated for only women (n = 2,022) and only men (n = 2,038). The results show that positive relationships are a protective factor against involvement in situations of sexual aggression, and they influence the acquisition of transformative beliefs regarding models of attraction and nonviolence. In turn, these beliefs even more obviously affect the prevention of this type of violence.
Subject(s)
Gender-Based Violence , Sex Offenses , Adolescent , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Men , Sex Offenses/prevention & control , StudentsABSTRACT
Objetivo: conocer las relaciones entre el engagement y el síndrome de burnout con las áreas de la vida laboral, las variables sociodemográficas y laborales, y los estilos de afrontamiento, en enfermeras de centros sanitarios públicos y privados.Método: estudio transversal analítico realizado a 527 enfermeras de todos los centros sanitarios de la ciudad de Huesca. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y laborales, engagement (Cuestionario de Seis Áreas de Vida Laboral), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) y afrontamiento al estrés (Cuestionario de Afrontamiento de Estrés). Análisis descriptivo y multivariante.Resultados: se obtuvieron 305 cuestionarios (57,8% de la muestra). El 91,1% fue mujer. La media (DE) de edad fue 44,98 (10,86) años. Las áreas de la vida laboral que predicen las dimensiones del engagement son la subescala de implicación, con un porcentaje mayor, seguida de energía y eficacia. Las mismas áreas contribuyen a las subescalas de afrontamiento del estrés. Las variables sociodemográficas explican porcentajes bajos de las dimensiones que conforman el compromiso. Las dimensiones de agotamiento y cinismo se explican con porcentajes muy similares para las áreas de la vida laboral.Conclusiones: las áreas de recompensa y comunidad, así como los estilos de afrontamiento enfocados en la autofocalización negativa, se asocian con la aparición del engagement y del burnout. Fomentar el desarrollo de suficientes recompensas cuantitativas y cualitativas favorecería los sentimientos de equidad y el desarrollo del engagement, así como el apoyo adecuado de jefes, familiares y socios evitaría la aparición del burnout.(AU)
Objective: to understand the association between engagement and burnout syndrome with the working life areas, the sociodemographic and occupational variables, and the coping styles, in nurses from public and private health centers.Method: an analytical cross-sectional study conducted with 527 nurses from all healthcare centers in the city of Huesca. Sociodemographic and occupational variables were collected, as well as engagement (Six Areas of Work Life Questionnaire), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and coping with stress (Stress Coping Questionnaire). Descriptive and multivariate analysis.Results: in total, 305 questionnaires were completed (57.8 of the sample); 91.1% of participants were female, with a mean age (SD) of 44.98 (10.86) years. The work life areas predicting the engagement dimensions were the Involvement Sub-scale, with a higher proportion, followed by Energy and Efficacy. The same areas contributed to the Stress Coping Sub-scales. The sociodemographic variables explained the low proportions in the Commitment dimensions. The Exhaustion and Cynicism dimensions were explained with very similar proportions for the work life areas.Conclusions: the Reward and Community areas, as well as coping styles focused on Negative Self-Targeting, were associated with the development of engagement and burnout. Encouraging the development of sufficient quantitative and qualitative rewards would encourage the feelings of equity and the development of engagement; at the same time, an adequate support by superiors, relatives and partners would avoid the development of burnout.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Nursing Staff/psychology , Nurses/psychology , Burnout, Psychological , Burnout, Professional , Occupational Health , Work Engagement , Spain , Nursing , Mental Health , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
This research aims to monitor the current situation of confinement in Spanish society motivated by COVID-19 crisis. For this, a study of its socio-family, psychological and educational impact is conducted. The sample (N = 165 families, 89.1% nuclear families with children living in the same household and 20.5% with a relative in a risk group) comes from the Aragonese region (Spain). The instruments used are: Beck-II Depression Inventory (BDI-II); Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright's Empathy Quotient (EQ) with its cognitive empathy subscale, as well as an ad-hoc questionnaire, reviewed by a panel of experts, to learn about socio-personal, family and housing conditions, use of technology, involvement in school tasks and household, and working condition. The multiple regression analysis results show that the anxiety derived from the current situation is explained in 23.1% (p < 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -2.31, p = 0.022), level of Internet consumption (t = 2.139, p = 0.034), increase of family conflicts (t = 2.980, p = 0.003) and help with school tasks (t = 2.980, p = 0.040). On the other hand, cognitive empathy is explained in 24.6% (p < 0.001) by the variables: gender (t = -4.690, p < 0.001) and mother's hours of teleworking (t = 2.101, p = 0.037). All this leads us to conclusions related to preventive systems of social, psychological, and educational aspects to better serve families. These conclusions can be also be transferred to the future with an inclusive care to family settings from those three parameters.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the factors that induce nursing professionals to present engagement with their work environment. METHOD: Qualitative study, using the communicative methodology, with nursing professionals from public and private centers in the city of Huesca. The statements were collected through communicative stories and discussion groups. RESULT: The methodology used has allowed the establishment of a set of engagement promotion measures in the studied environment. These measures are framed in the three main categories analyzed: the systemic or structural variables, the subject-oriented variables, and those that refer to the relationships between the subjects. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the situation regarding engagement among professionals, and the issues that encourage or hinder its appearance, is essential in establishing measures that contribute to its development. The use of qualitative techniques has allowed for the discovery of situations that would have gone unnoticed. After analyzing the interviews and the discussion groups, the following were present: an important lack of recognition that the participants experience, and that contribute, in their opinion, to the appearance of burnout syndrome, and, the lack of cohesion as a collective.
Subject(s)
Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Work Engagement , Female , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Male , Nurse's Role , Nursing CareABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the factors that induce nursing professionals to present engagement with their work environment. Method: Qualitative study, using the communicative methodology, with nursing professionals from public and private centers in the city of Huesca. The statements were collected through communicative stories and discussion groups. Result: The methodology used has allowed the establishment of a set of engagement promotion measures in the studied environment. These measures are framed in the three main categories analyzed: the systemic or structural variables, the subject-oriented variables, and those that refer to the relationships between the subjects. Conclusion: Knowledge of the situation regarding engagement among professionals, and the issues that encourage or hinder its appearance, is essential in establishing measures that contribute to its development. The use of qualitative techniques has allowed for the discovery of situations that would have gone unnoticed. After analyzing the interviews and the discussion groups, the following were present: an important lack of recognition that the participants experience, and that contribute, in their opinion, to the appearance of burnout syndrome, and, the lack of cohesion as a collective.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer os fatores que induzem os profissionais de enfermagem a apresentar engagement em seu ambiente de trabalho. Método: Estudo qualitativo, utilizando a abordagem comunicativa, conduzido com profissionais de enfermagem de centros públicos e privados da cidade de Huesca. Os discursos foram coletados por meio de relatos comunicativos e grupos de discussão comunicativa. Resultados: A metodologia utilizada permitiu o estabelecim ento de um conjunto de medidas de promoção do engagement no ambiente estudado. Essas medidas são enquadradas nas três categorias principais analisadas: as variáveis sistêmicas ou estruturais, as variáveis que se referem aos sujeitos e as que se referem às relações entre os sujeitos. Conclusão: Conhecer a situação de engagement dos profissionais e as questões que estimulam ou dificultam sua manifestação são essenciais para estabelecer medidas que contribuam para o seu desenvolvimento. O uso de técnicas qualitativas nos permitiu descobrir situações que teriam passado despercebidas sem sua utilização. Após analisar as entrevistas e os grupos de discussão, destacou-se a importante falta de reconhecimento que os participantes vivenciam, o que contribuiria, na opinião deles, para o surgimento da síndrome de burnout, bem como a falta de coesão coletiva.
Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer los factores que inducen a los profesionales de enfermería a presentar engagement en su entorno laboral. Método: estudio cualitativo, usando la metodología comunicativa, entre profesionales de enfermería de centros públicos y privados de la ciudad de Huesca. Los discursos se recogieron mediante relatos comunicativos y grupos de discusión comunicativos. Resultado: la metodología usada ha permitido establecer un conjunto medidas de promoción del engagement en el entorno estudiado. Estas medidas se enmarcan en las tres categorías principales analizadas: las variables sistémicas o estructurales, las variables que se refieren al sujeto, y las que se refieren a las relaciones entre los sujetos. Conclusión: conocer cuál es la situación del engagement entre los profesionales, y las cuestiones que fomentan o dificultan su aparición, son fundamentales para poder establecer medidas que contribuyan a su desarrollo. El uso de las técnicas cualitativas ha permitido descubrir situaciones que hubieran pasado desapercibidas. Tras analizar las entrevistas y los grupos de discusión, ha quedado patente la importante falta de reconocimiento que experimentan los participantes, y que contribuiría, en su opinión, a la aparición del síndrome de burnout, así como la escasa cohesión como colectivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Work Engagement , Burnout, Psychological/psychology , Nurse's Role , Job Satisfaction , Nursing CareABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: conocer el estado actual de la cuestión del burnout en los profesionales de Enfermería en España e identificar las variables aso-ciadas al mismo. METODOLOGÍA: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica median-te una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline y Web of Knowledge, de artículos originales publicados en los últimos cinco años que versaran sobre Enfermería, burnout y España. RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron 30 artículos originales tras eliminar los que no cumplían los requisitos. Las cifras de burnout en profesionales de Enfermería se sitúan entre un 18-33%. Entre el 26,74% y el 55% de los enfermeros presentan cansancio emocional. En España este síndrome se asocia con los elevados ratios enfermera-paciente, la construcción de hospitales cada vez más grandes y el hecho de trabajar en unidades de hospitalización. En cuanto a las variables sociodemográficas, el síndrome de burnout se relaciona con estar soltero, ser mujer, trabajar a turnos y a características personales específicas, como la poca sociabilidad, la escasa competencia emocional y la comparación con los demás de forma negativa, entre otras. CONCLUSIONES: el estado civil, la edad, el tipo de contrato, el ratio de pacientes, el tamaño del centro sanitario y el tipo de trabajo realizado en las diferentes unidades son factores moduladores de este síndrome. Las características personales se están comprobando como determinantes para la aparición del burnout, de modo que mejorar las capacidades personales individuales y colectivas podría modular su incidencia
OBJECTIVES: to learn about the current state of the burnout issue among Nursing professionals in Spain, and to identify those variables associated with it. METHODOLOGY: a scientific literature review was conducted, through a bibliographical search in Medline and Web of Knowledge, for original articles published in the last five years regarding Nursing, burnout and Spain. RESULTS: thirty original articles were obtained, after eliminating those which did not meet the requirements. Burnout figures in Nursing Professionals are between 18 and 33%. Between 26.74% and 55% of nursing professionals present emotional fatigue. In Spain, this syndrome is associated with the high nurse-patient ratios, increasingly larger hospitals, and the fact of working in hospitalization units. Regarding sociodemographical variables, burnout syndrome is associated with being single, female, working in shifts, and specific personal characteristics such as low sociability, reduced emotional competence, and comparison with others in a negative way, among others. CONCLUSIONS: married status, age, type of contract, patient ratio, hospital size and type of work conducted in the different units are factors which modulate this syndrome. Personal characteristics are being confirmed as decisive factors for burnout development; therefore, an improvement in individual and collective personal skills could modulate its incidence
